Agoraphobia History, Traits, and Studies

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of situations or locations that may be difficult to escape. People with agoraphobia may avoid public transportation, movie theaters, long lines, airplanes, and other public spaces. Agoraphobia can trigger severe panic attacks that in some cases prevent individuals from leaving their homes. History and Origins The term â€Å"agoraphobia† is derived from the Greek word â€Å"agora.† Agoraphobia literally translates to â€Å"fear [phobia] of the marketplace [agora],† but the term marketplace refers more broadly to any populated public space. German psychiatrist Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal first introduced the term in 1871, when he wrote  Agoraphobia: A  Neuropathic Phenomenon. He described his observations of individuals who suffered sensations of panic when faced with the proposition of being in public. One of the earliest notable individuals known to have agoraphobia was  Charles Darwin. The Journal of the American Medical Association speculates that Darwin’s lifelong isolation that ensued after his Beagle voyage was a result of panic he felt in public spaces. However, the journal also credits the disorder with the eventual publication of On the Origin of Species and Darwin’s famous theories around evolution. Traits and Signs Agoraphobia is most commonly associated with fears of  crowds, lines, enclosed spaces, large open spaces, public transportation, or leaving home. These fears must exist in tandem with the following characteristics for a diagnosis of agoraphobia to be made:   An anxiety reaction and a  disproportionate fear response when confronted with a phobic stimulus (such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, or large open spaces)Deliberate avoidance  that significantly affects or disrupts ability to functionSymptoms that persist for at least six months Some individuals experience physical symptoms of panic in association with agoraphobia. Panic attacks produce physical sensations including rapid heartbeat,  trouble breathing, dizziness, tingling, sweating, chills, and nausea.   Key Studies The Napa State Hospitals Department of Psychiatry studied the behavior of Mrs. E.L., a 91-year-old patient who suffered from agoraphobia. Mrs. E.L. lived with her husband and received health care from a home health aide. She spent 17 years confined to her bed due to extreme fears of falling, dying, never being found, and being accidentally buried alive. Her fear was so intense that, in addition to never leaving the house herself, she also forbade her husband from going outside. Mrs. E.L. was prescribed medication and a course of behavioral and exposure therapy. Soon, she was able to leave her bed and eventually her home. Based on this case study, researchers concluded that even the most severe cases of agoraphobia can be treated and rehabilitated, as long as patients have access to a properly coordinated care plan. Representations in Popular Culture Several  celebrities have spoken out about their experiences with agoraphobia, including cooking show personality Paula Deen and Beach Boys singer/songwriter Brian Wilson.  Author Shirley Jackson’s novel We Have Always Lived in the Castle is believed to be largely inspired by her struggle with agoraphobia. Agoraphobia has been  depicted onscreen in films like Copycat, Intruders, Nims Island, and The Last Days.  These movie depictions are not always accurate or comprehensive. For example, in  Copycat, a character develops  severe agoraphobia after experiencing a violent assault. Agoraphobia can be triggered by a traumatic episode, but not all individuals with agoraphobia report a prior  traumatic incident. In addition, not everyone with agoraphobia is afraid of leaving their home. While cultural representations of agoraphobia can help build awareness of the disorder, its important to note that every individuals experience of agoraphobia is distinct, and not all depictions are entirely accurate. Sources Aqeel, Noorulain, et al. â€Å"A Strange Case of Agoraphobia: A Case Study.† Insight Medical Publishing Group, Insight Medical Publishing Group, 19 Oct. 2016, primarycare.imedpub.com/a-strange-case-of-agoraphobia-a-case-study.pdf.Barloon, T. J. â€Å"Charles Darwin and Panic Disorder.†Ã‚  JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 277, no. 2, Aug. 1997, pp. 138–141., doi:10.1001/jama.277.2.138.Mayo Clinic Staff. â€Å"Agoraphobia.† Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 18 Nov. 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987.McNair, James. â€Å"Brian Wilson: Here Comes the Sun.† The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 2 Sept. 2007, www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/brian-wilson-here-comes-the-sun-401202.html.Moskin, Julia. â€Å"From Phobia to Fame: A Southern Cooks Memoir.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 28 Feb. 2007, www.nytimes. com/2007/02/28/dining/28deen.html.​

The Issue Of Protection Is Needed For The World Today

The generation in today society has to understand that protection is needed for the world today because the people need to feel safe and comfortable. In every state, the requirement of protection is considered a law and is different extremely in each 50 state. Most people abide by the protection law because it’s the ethical decision to do, but some people do the opposite for their own egocentric reasons. In Mississippi (American), consumers have protection from unscrupulous sellers and adequate information to make wise marketplace choices (Norrgard, 1988, p.61). A young Mississippi woman went to every business and individual advertising her new product of shampoo for women and men. She publicly announced to the entire consumer that the†¦show more content†¦This means that the act was designed to protect the victims of customer who was being fraudulent and deceptive. This law also created the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), an independent regulatory agency, to enforce these provisions. It grants the Commission civil, but not criminal, jurisdiction to pursue unfair and deceptive market practices (Norrgard, 1998, p.105).Thomas Aquinas said it best, â€Å"If the seller be aware of a fault in the thing he is selling, he is guilty of a fraudulent sale, so the sale is rendered unlawful. Another defect is in respect of quantity which is known by being measured: wherefore if anyone knowingly makes use of a faulty

Managing People Organizations Management â€Myassignmenthekp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Managing People Organizations Management? Answer: Introduction Industry analysis can be defined as a marketing assessment tool which is designed in order to provide an understanding of a companys position in contrast with other companies producing similar services and products. Understanding the overall workforces of an industry is regarded as a major component for strategic planning in a more effective way. It involves reviewing of the economic, market and political factors, which influence the development of any industry (E. Dobbs 2014). The report highlights the concept of industrial analysis taking Time out Caf into consideration. Industrial development can get highly influenced by the suppliers and buyers power, the competitors condition and the new entrants in the market (Rothaermel 2015). The report throws light on the detailed analysis of industrial rivalry, barriers, bargaining power of the consumers and suppliers and substitute products. It further includes the strategies and processes to gain competitive advantages, including cost leadership, differentiation strategy, e business, sustainability strategy and others, which influence the industrial growth and progress. Industry analysis Industry analysis includes Porters five forces analysis which is an important tool for the business strategists. It is basically based on certain observations of the varying profit margins between the industries which influences the industrial structure. It determines an industrys attractiveness. It also gives a brief idea how a company operates and what are its strategies. This section of the report describes the competitive forces of any industry (Dobbs 2012). Industry rivalry It denotes the degree of the competition among industries and existing firms. The intensity of the rivalry among various competitors of any company refers to an extent through which the firms within a company pressurize one another; as a result, it limits there profit potential. Competitors often try to steal market and profit share from each other. This, in turn, reduces the potential of profit for all the firms within an industry. As far as Porters five forces framework is concerned, the rivalrys intensity shapes the industrys competitive structure, as it influences the existing firms ability to achieve profit (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). High rivalry intensity means the competitors are targeting the markets of each other and pricing the products aggressively. The strengths of Time out Caf is its packaging, food quality, price, situated at a suitable place and its delivery service. It encourages diversity and is equipped with high technology which is loved by people. It provides a fri endly environment to its customers and staffs. Moreover, it is expanding its strategies through online delivery and building loyalty among the consumers. It is lowering the prices of its products indirectly via more deals and combos which will lure them to buy more products (Perdana, Roshetko and Kurniawan 2012). Barriers to entry It refers to some obstacles or high startup costs which prevent the new competitors to enter the industry easily or the business area. It is beneficial for the firms that already exists and operating as it protects the companies being affected from new entrants. The common barriers are special benefits of tax, patents, customer loyalty, brand identity and high switching costs of the customers. The Time out Caf has strong customer base and well brand recognition. The caf has a strong presence in the social media, which helps it compete with the new entrants in the marketing (Grandori 2012). Bargaining power of consumers According to Porters Forces the power of the buyer can directly shape the structure of competition of an industry. It refers to the consumers pressure on getting them high quality products at lower prices. Strong buyers pressurize the sellers to lower the prices of the products and offer them better and more services at a lower price. It hampers the competitiveness of an industry and the profit making potential. The Time out Caf has a strategy of attracting the consumers while gaining profit at the same time. It created various deals like combo packs and others which lure the consumers to purchase items from them. It will also save the consumers money and lessen their bargaining power (Zhao et al. 2016). Bargaining power of suppliers The strong presence of the powerful suppliers lessens the profit of any industry. It increases competition within the industries by indirectly threatening them to raise the prices or reduce the products and services quality. It reduces the profitability where the companies cannot recover the increase of costs. The Time out Caf is controlled by the market and thus, in order to mitigate the risks must reduce the suppliers power by making and designing their own products. It can also take over its retail distribution power (Grandori 2012). Substitute Products The industrial threats of substitute product refer to the competitors product which the consumers can buy instead of their own industrial product. It basically refers to the substitute product which offers the same benefits to the customers. In many cases, the substitute products prices are cheaper which increases the risk factor of the industrial product. The competitor of Time out Caf lowered their prices which ultimately dropped the cafs sale. Their strategy was different, as they didnt raise their products prices; rather they introduced new deals and combos over their products to entice their customers. This increased their sales and customer base. Moreover, the caf provides fast broadband internet for their staffs and customers, which helps them compete with the substitute market products (Dobbs 2012). Strategies and Process to Gain Competitive Advantage: Focused Differentiation Strategy: According to Porter, there are two of the basic management market competition theories that can be directed to the new entry business. He has identified three nonspecific business strategies. These are: Cost Differentiation Leadership Focus Differentiation According to Porter, focused differentiation strategy can be defined as the process of targeting small group of customers who are differentiated in terms of behavior, demography and other segments. This is closely associated to market segmentation. Focused differentiation strategy comprises of the understandings of customers loyalty, high margins, limited competition and customer awareness. As a matter of fact, this needs to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the process that would focus on the generic conceptualization of how business is performed in a new market through profound understanding of the customers buying nature. In this context, it can be stated that the caf has created a product or service that is perceived by the customers as being unique in the industry. In this case the basic advantage lies in this fact that in most of the cases there has been a proper understanding of the case that would focus on the entire understandin g with its effective nature. As a matter of fact, the most interesting fact pertaining to the creation of unique product has been dependent on the quality it was supposed to provide to the customers. In terms of focused differentiation it can be stated that it has focused on the limited part of the market. The caf did not focus on broader understanding of the market in huge margin; rather it has only concentrated into the local market where it could become a solid threat to the other competitors. Focused cost Leadership Strategy: As discussed by Porter, focused cost leadership strategy needs competition that is based on the price of the product offered in the market. As a matter of fact, this has been taken into certain consideration, pertaining to the effective cost management of the products or services the caf offers in the market. From the SWOT analysis, it has been identified that in most of the cases there has been a thorough understanding of the process that was highly effective in terms of creating the basic focus with the entire case such as the basic understanding of the issues. In this case a narrow market is focused and the cost is delivered and structured on the basis of that particular narrow market. The caf has maintained moderate price in the market thus attracting greater number of the local customers. Cost Leadership Energy: In this context an effective and succinct definition needs to be developed. Since this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the process, it needs to be focused on the entire case. Cost leadership is a term that is defined through the conception of the company that projects itself as the cheapest manufacturing without compromising the quality of the product or service it provides in the market. The cost leadership energy is derived from the procurement of resources that the caf has developed through maintaining strong contract with the local suppliers thus cutting the cost behind production. Total Quality Management: According to the scholars, total quality management confirms the consistency of a company in the product or services offered by the company. With its four components such as planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement the companies strategize their business performance for capturing the market. the caf does not only focus on the improvement in the quality of the service and product it provides to the customers, but it also strives to maintain quality management through proper communication channel between the company and the external stakeholders. E-Business strategy: Big-commerce has become an important stage in the maintaining process of the business. In terms of new entry technological intervention plays an important role for the success of the business. As a matter of fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding that there is a clear chance for the entire understanding of the process. E-business ensure competitive advantage through the ease of the customer dealing and accounting quantification process. Sustainability: Business sustainability such as community build-up and environmental sustainability is one of the key strengths for a business to excel in the future business. Corporate social responsibility becomes obligations for the new entry business. As a matter of fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the cases pertaining to the entire case that was highly motivating in terms of maintain balance. Conclusion: From the aforementioned discussion it can be concluded that new business entry needs a focus that is channelized through the conceptual understanding of the industry. With the help of the industrial analysis it needs to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the process that would create an effective mindset in the focus leadership and quality management lessons. References Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), pp.1783-1795. Perdana, A., Roshetko, J.M. and Kurniawan, I., 2012. Forces of competition: smallholding teak producers in Indonesia.International Forestry Review,14(2), pp.238-248. Grandori, A. ed., 2012.Interfirm networks: organization and industrial competitiveness. Management. Zhao, Z.Y., Zuo, J., Wu, P.H., Yan, H. and Zillante, G., 2016. Competitiveness assessment of the biomass power generation industry in China: A five forces model study.Renewable Energy,89, pp.144-153. Dobbs, M.E., 2012, January. Porter's five forces in practice: Templates for firm and case analysis. InCompetition Forum(Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 22). American Society for Competitiveness.

Participative Leadership Strengths and Weaknesses

Leadership is defined as the ability of a person to influence other people to do things which they would not have done without the influence. People with this ability are referred to as leaders and can be found in different settings and contexts. In organizational setting, leaders are responsible for planning, coordinating and controlling organizational functions and activities towards attaining organizational goals and objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More My leadership style is participative leadership. With this style, all members of the team are involved in identifying essential goals and strategies for attaining those goals. The leader facilitates the attainment of the set goals and objectives (Bolden, Hawkins Gosling, 2011). Strengths One strength of the style is that it leads to teamwork because the leader encourages the active participation of all team members in the achievement of the set goals and objectives. It also leads to enhanced employee performance as well as productive work environment. Through the style, employees’ morale, capacity and relations are greatly improved. The style leads to innovativeness because employees use their talents and skills to their fullest. Employees are also free to express their creativity since they are encouraged to participate in making decisions which affect their work. Weaknesses One weakness of the style is that if not properly managed, it can lead to job dissatisfaction because it gives the employees more say in decision making by allowing them to make decisions on matters affecting their work and decisions regarding how to discharge their duties. Such freedom can make the employees overwhelmed, leading to confusion and ambiguity due to lack of a central authority. If the style is not properly managed, it can lead to poor employee performance and increased turnover. The lack of a central authority for decision making may create confusion in the workplace leading to low performance and increased turnover. It can also lead to duplication of duties or even failure to perform some tasks due to ambiguity and confusion. Trait leadership has to do with leaders acting upon leadership traits which they were born with. The leadership style does not embrace the idea that leadership can be learned or acquired from experience but rather perceives leadership as a quality people are born with. Trait leadership style, therefore, leads to excellent results because the leaders have leadership qualities at birth and they are able to lead even without any formal training or education (Daft, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One similarity between trait and participative leadership styles is that in both, the leaders have a grea t influence on their followers. The leaders are capable of directly inspiring the employees to become motivated and focused on realization of good results. Through the influence of the leaders, employees become agents of change in their organizations. In both styles, the leaders are capable of initiating, implementing and managing organizational change. Their ability to inspire the employees makes it easy for them to implement change with little or no resistance because the employees consider themselves as part and parcel of their organizations and for this reason; they always put the interest of their organizations before their personal interests. Both participative and trait oriented leaders have an exceptional ability to create and sustain a cohesive organizational culture. A cohesive organizational culture is one in which all members of an organization hold to similar beliefs and values which bring them together as an organization. In cohesive organizational culture, it does not matter the organizational structure but what matters is the commitment of each and every member of the organization to the organizational beliefs and values.  Just like participative style, trait leadership leads to establishment of teams which work together. These teams give themselves a social identity which bides them together. This social identity and bonding lead to cooperation among the team members in all aspects, which brings forth a multiplicity of ideas about how to undertake the tasks consequently leading to innovation in organizations. Lastly, the two styles lead to increased productivity because the employees are committed to the success of their organization and to them; motivation comes as a result of organizational success, not individual success. Every employee, therefore, brings his or her ideas in the organization. These ideas are combined and transformed into new ways of doing things in a more efficient and effective manner. The difference is that with partici pative leadership, the leader may not be highly knowledgeable but can use his or her skills to create a cohesive organizational culture. With trait leadership, the leader is knowledgeable and possesses high technical know-how, especially in research and development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The knowledge and technical know-how by the trait oriented leader when combined with other charismatic characteristics directly provokes employees’ thinking on how to improve the functions, processes and procedures of their organization, thus leading to innovation. With contingency leadership style, leaders adopt different leadership styles with different people and at different times. The nature of work done, level of skills of the team and the needs of the leader makes him or her adopt this style. With contingency leadership, t he leader links his or her effectiveness to the prevailing environment. Consequently, effective leaders need to adopt a leadership style depending on the situation and employees’ competency and commitment. The similarity with participative style is that both have the aspect of success based on teamwork. Employees in the two styles are also highly motivated because the leaders focus on creating a culture of self-motivation rather than supervision. The difference is that with contingency leadership style, the leader keeps on changing his or her style of leadership depending on the situation while with participative style; the leader does not change his or her style but always tries to involve employees in decision making at all times.  Blending together the different leadership styles can bring effective leadership. Blending trait leadership principles with participative leadership may enhance the team’s leadership capacities. Trait leadership principles, when blended with transformational, transactional and situational leadership styles, may improve the leaders’ social interaction abilities, capacity to initiate ideas, innovation and ability to listen to team members. Furthermore, the styles can be blended to create a highly motivated team that can contribute positively towards the achievement of organizational goals (Bolden, Hawkins Gosling, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Trait leadership, in particular, makes the participative leader have charisma which enables him or her to inspire the team members to realize good results. Contingency leadership style enables the participative leader to change his or her leadership style depending on the situation, thus becoming more efficient and effective. In some organizations, there may be several leaders, each with a different style of leadership. One major problem of different leadership styles in one organization is that they lead to conflict of ideas which may eventually develop into work-related conflicts. In an attempt to outwit each other or to gain influence in the workplace, leaders may engage in a witch hunt, sabotage and open hatred of their colleges (Wart Suino, 2012). Trait leadership style, in particular, has the potential of creating conflict of ideas in the workplace because trait oriented leaders may sometimes exhibit dictatorial traits which may create conflict due to the failure of trait ori ented leaders to consult other leaders or even the employees when making some important organizational decisions. The other problem which may be created as a result of various leadership styles in the workplace is lack of a sense of direction for an organization which occurs as a result of conflicting ideas on the best approach to manage and transact organizational business. The lack of direction may lead to stagnation of the organization. One way to overcome the problem of conflict of ideas is by having all leaders reach a consensus on the best leadership style for their organizations. This can be done by organizing seminars or conferences on leadership for all leaders or managers for the organizations. During such seminars, the leaders should be given the opportunity to express their views freely, ideas and opinions on what they think is the best leadership style for their organization depending on the organization’s mission and vision. They should also be given the opportu nity to openly criticize the ideas of each other in a constructive manner. Afterward, they should agree by majority the best approach of leadership. Eventually, a consensus can be attained because no leader would feel that his or her suggestions are not valued by the organization.  The problem can also be solved by having a clear chain of command in which every employee is answerable to a specific senior manager. By so doing, the several centers of power are eliminated. Having a clear chain of command also enhances consultations instead of competition and conflict.  The problem of lack of a sense of direction in an organization due to conflicting leadership styles can be solved by having a clear mission, vision and organizational goals and objectives. These should be backed by a very clear strategic plan outlining what is expected of every employee within a given time frame. Having a clear mission and vision makes all leaders and managers in organizations to understand what the organization wants to achieve and by what means. This can help reduce conflicting ideas because the strategic plan acts as a guide to the leaders on how to achieve the set goals and objectives. It can also be solved by having a technical team which is concerned with the sole responsibility of inventions and innovations. The technical team should collect the views of employees on the best way to discharge their duties and come up with fresh ideas on how to move the organization forward to avoid stagnation and lack of sense of direction. One potential advantage that may be created between the leadership styles is that of increased competitiveness for organizations. Each leadership style has a unique attribute for increased productivity. Combining various leadership styles can lead to enhanced job satisfaction among the employees since all the styles are focused on the employees’ welfare and improvement of the working environment. The combination of the styles can also make empl oyees and leaders develop and embrace a learning culture which makes the organization be in a position to improve on its areas of weakness, thus leading to increased productivity.  Trait leadership may inspire employees to become innovative because trait oriented leaders are not mechanistic in their leadership, but they understand the importance of allowing employees to micromanage their activities at the workplace to achieve the best results. When employees are given the permission to micromanage their work, they develop a positive attitude towards their work which makes them work hard to achieve the best. They are also able to change the rules governing their work and try new ways of doing things. Through this, they are able to discover new approaches to their work. If for example employees who work as marketing agents are allowed to micromanage their work, they can recommend new types of products which they think are the best for the customers.  Participative leadership may i nspire teamwork because it is all about making everybody in an organization participate in the process of moving the organization forward. The participation is not only about the performance of duties but also about making decisions which affect the work being performed. Since everybody is actively involved in organizational activities, the ‘big boss’ syndrome is eliminated thus creating a culture in which all members of an organization feel as part of a big team with a clear mission and vision to attain. Employees view each other as members of one family and for this reason; they do not hesitate sharing their thoughts, ideas, challenges and strengths with their fellow employees. If for example, an employee has a problem, he or she reveals it to the other employees who then come up with ideas and suggestions on how to solve the problem amicably. Similarly, if an employee has an idea on how to increase organizational efficiency, he or she is free to share with the others and put the idea into practice.  The contingency approach may inspire a change of leadership depending on the situation because the style is based on the philosophy that each organization is unique and therefore there is no a general approach to leadership. Due to this philosophy, leaders are able to change their tactics of leadership to suit the situation. They have to consider the nature of followers in terms of their education, cultural background as well as their social and economic status. For instance, the way a leader should lead uneducated followers is not the same way he or she should lead educated followers. In the case of uneducated followers, the leader may need to apply some degree of authoritarianism while in the case of educated followers; he or she may need to be democratic and diplomatic. The need to change the style is based on the belief that the end justifies the means, which means that the leader must find the best way of realizing good results at any given s ituation or context. When all these are combined, the end result is an organization with a conducive environment for innovation which is very crucial in increasing organizational competitiveness.  One can capitalize on the above advantages to increase productivity by capitalizing on the strengths of each leadership style. If employees are able to work without supervision, it means that they are motivated and have the interest of their organizations at heart. Under the trait leadership, employees are able to focus on the end result and come up with their own ways of meeting the set targets which ensures that employees are able to meet important deadlines in their lines of duty. If all organizational activities are undertaken in a timely manner, organizations are able to implement their projects with a high success rate which leads to increased productivity. At the same time, since employees like imitating the trait oriented leaders, they are ever focused on their role in their orga nization and this increases efficiency and effectiveness, which are essential for increased productivity.  The contingency approach enables leaders to be flexible in their leadership. As a result, the participative leader is able to treat each situation differently, thus leading to enhanced success of all the activities undertaken by the employees. The ability of a leader to be flexible in his or her leadership style means that the leader is result-oriented and not bound by procedures, rules or regulations, but he or she is free to change tact with the overall objective of realizing good results. Flexibility in leadership leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness, making the organization to increase its productivity. At the same time, leaders must find ways of dealing with the weaknesses of each leadership style. By so doing, an organization is able to have increased productivity due to increased employee motivation, innovativeness and good working environment as well as exc ellent employer-employee relationships. References Bolden, R., Hawkins, R., Gosling, J. (2011). Exploring Leadership: Individual, Organizational, and Societal Perspectives. Oxford: OUP Oxford. Daft, R.L. (2008). The leadership experience. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Wart, M.V., Suino, P. (2012). Leadership in public organizations: an introduction. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. This essay on Participative Leadership: Strengths and Weaknesses was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Compare And Contrast Sir Percy Vs. Chauvelin From The Scarlet Pimper

Compare and Contrast : Sir Percy vs. Chauvelin from the Scarlet Pimpernel Many objects and people these days have the ability to be compared and contrasted. For example, you could compare and contrast a dog and a cat. A dog is most commonly a house pet, like the cat. But a dog has more of an ability to be trained, unlike the cat. But it's not the subject of comparing a dog and a cat. It's time to begin comparing and contrasting Sir Percy and Chauvelin from The Scarlet Pimpernel, a book written by Baroness Orczy. Let's start with comparing Percy and Chauvelin. Something that they have in common is that they both are smart and creative. For example, Percy showed his creativity by outwitting Chauvelin at the Chat Gris. When Percy offered Chauvelin the snuff, but it really was pepper, that was definite creativity. Chauvelin shows his smarts when he holds Armand hostage and blackmails Margueritte. Really, how else can you think of that would make Margueritte do anythin g for Chauvelin? Another way that the two are alike is that they both are fighting for what they believe in. Percy is trying to free the aristocrats, while Chauvelin is attempting to prevent the aristocrats from leaving. Both are totally devoted to their job and are fighting for what they believe. Like how Percy could get killed at any time if he gets caught by Chauvelin. Speaking of Chauvelin, he himself is not a liked man ; there are many that wouldn't mind his little head on a stick, eh? The third way that Chauvelin and Sir Percy are alike is that they both use disguises in the book. Percy uses a disguise when he is trying to smuggle out aristocrats. His was of an old hag, and it allowed him to bypass the guards. He said that he was toting along his son who had the plague. Percy also had many accessories with his tricks. This time he used a rope of braids that Percy said were from the men who's heads got cut off. Yikes! Chauvelin's disguise was of a clergyman, used while he was tracking down the Scarlet Pimpernel. This disguise allowed him to not be recognized immediately by Percy, but still he recognized Chauvelin eventually. Moving on to contrast, Percy and Chauvelin do not think alike. Yes, they are both very smart, but Chauvelin plays dirty while Percy sticks to the rules. For example, Chauvelin will kidnap people and blackmail them. He kidnapped Armand and made Margueritte lead him to the Pimpernel or else Chauvelin would kill Armand. Percy, on the other hand, plays fair and is very polite. Like the time when Percy's life was in danger at the Chat Gris. When he was leaving, and minutes away from his death, did he dash out the door? No, he politely paid for his meal and left. Now that's nice ! Another thing that the two characters do not have in common is how they direct their men. Chauvelin is more of a guy who will tell his men to do something, yet Chauvelin doesn't do anything but direct. He will say, "Men, shoot at that hut when the tall man comes!" But does he have a gun in hand? Nope. Percy, though, will tell his men to do something, and you can bet that he will be up there. Like when he rescues aristocrats, Percy is the one leading the cart passed the guards, risking his own life. The third thing that these two men don't have in common is their view's on aristocrats. Sir Percy is fighting for his life to save these poor French souls, but Chauvelin is trying his best to kill them all. Chauvelin's job is to find deliver the aristocrats that are sinning on their country to Madame La Guillotine. Totally opposite is Percy's job of rescuing these doomed French from death during their revolution. In conclusion, it's easy to see that these two men have a lot in common. They are both smart and creative, they both fight for what they believe, and they both use disguises sometimes. On the other hand, these men don't really think alike, they are Compare And Contrast Sir Percy Vs. Chauvelin From The Scarlet Pimper Compare and Contrast : Sir Percy vs. Chauvelin from the Scarlet Pimpernel Many objects and people these days have the ability to be compared and contrasted. For example, you could compare and contrast a dog and a cat. A dog is most commonly a house pet, like the cat. But a dog has more of an ability to be trained, unlike the cat. But it's not the subject of comparing a dog and a cat. It's time to begin comparing and contrasting Sir Percy and Chauvelin from The Scarlet Pimpernel, a book written by Baroness Orczy. Let's start with comparing Percy and Chauvelin. Something that they have in common is that they both are smart and creative. For example, Percy showed his creativity by outwitting Chauvelin at the Chat Gris. When Percy offered Chauvelin the snuff, but it really was pepper, that was definite creativity. Chauvelin shows his smarts when he holds Armand hostage and blackmails Margueritte. Really, how else can you think of that would make Margueritte do anythin g for Chauvelin? Another way that the two are alike is that they both are fighting for what they believe in. Percy is trying to free the aristocrats, while Chauvelin is attempting to prevent the aristocrats from leaving. Both are totally devoted to their job and are fighting for what they believe. Like how Percy could get killed at any time if he gets caught by Chauvelin. Speaking of Chauvelin, he himself is not a liked man ; there are many that wouldn't mind his little head on a stick, eh? The third way that Chauvelin and Sir Percy are alike is that they both use disguises in the book. Percy uses a disguise when he is trying to smuggle out aristocrats. His was of an old hag, and it allowed him to bypass the guards. He said that he was toting along his son who had the plague. Percy also had many accessories with his tricks. This time he used a rope of braids that Percy said were from the men who's heads got cut off. Yikes! Chauvelin's disguise was of a clergyman, used while he was tracking down the Scarlet Pimpernel. This disguise allowed him to not be recognized immediately by Percy, but still he recognized Chauvelin eventually. Moving on to contrast, Percy and Chauvelin do not think alike. Yes, they are both very smart, but Chauvelin plays dirty while Percy sticks to the rules. For example, Chauvelin will kidnap people and blackmail them. He kidnapped Armand and made Margueritte lead him to the Pimpernel or else Chauvelin would kill Armand. Percy, on the other hand, plays fair and is very polite. Like the time when Percy's life was in danger at the Chat Gris. When he was leaving, and minutes away from his death, did he dash out the door? No, he politely paid for his meal and left. Now that's nice ! Another thing that the two characters do not have in common is how they direct their men. Chauvelin is more of a guy who will tell his men to do something, yet Chauvelin doesn't do anything but direct. He will say, "Men, shoot at that hut when the tall man comes!" But does he have a gun in hand? Nope. Percy, though, will tell his men to do something, and you can bet that he will be up there. Like when he rescues aristocrats, Percy is the one leading the cart passed the guards, risking his own life. The third thing that these two men don't have in common is their view's on aristocrats. Sir Percy is fighting for his life to save these poor French souls, but Chauvelin is trying his best to kill them all. Chauvelin's job is to find deliver the aristocrats that are sinning on their country to Madame La Guillotine. Totally opposite is Percy's job of rescuing these doomed French from death during their revolution. In conclusion, it's easy to see that these two men have a lot in common. They are both smart and creative, they both fight for what they believe, and they both use disguises sometimes. On the other hand, these men don't really think alike, they are

The Power Of The Spoken Word Essays - English Words, Profanity

The Power Of The Spoken Word Essays - English Words, Profanity The Power Of The Spoken Word Allen Huggins The Power of the Spoken Word Words themselves are innocuous; it is the consensus that gives them true power (Naylor, 344). The consensus governs our society because of the power it holds. The understanding of the spoken word, especially derogatory terms, shapes our world because of the power these vile words hold in balancing or tilting race relations. The American Heritage College Dictionary defines power as political, social, or economic control (1072). White America has social control over the consensus, but in Mommy What Does 'Nigger' Mean? Gloria Naylor shows that African-American minorities can reclaim the power of the consensus and give new, equal meanings to words that have plagued African Americans for ages. Gloria Naylor uses a young boy in her third-grade class as an example of white America's social control over the consensus. In her third-grade class she recalls the young white boy getting a lower score on a math test and her rubbing it in. Upon hearing her mockery, he spit out that word (344). He had learned the word nigger as a mode of humiliation, probably from his parents, showing how white America views the meaning of the word nigger. As our country's majority, white America has the most influence on such hateful terms that drastically tilt the racial balance. Such influence over the consensus exemplifies the statement language is power because of the malicious manner in which the word nigger is used. One small word gave a third-grade boy a sense of power over Naylor that she had never experienced. The impact of such words occurs daily because America regards the derogatory use of the word nigger as a singular definition of the word, ceasing to acknowledge a positive meaning. As an example of a more positive meaning of the word nigger, Naylor introduces her southern, black family and its use of such controversial words. Naylor's family is an example of a minority group retaking the power of the consensus. Instead of using nigger as a term of humiliation, her family uses the word as a term of distinction. Naylor vividly recalls one family member saying, I'm telling you, that nigger pulled in $6,000 of overtime last year referring to a man who had distinguished himself in some situation that brought [her family's] approval for his strength, intelligence, or drive (345). These men and women have reduced such a powerful term in white America to a minute expression of praise in their vocabulary. Naylor explains how the people in [her] grandmother's living room took a word that whites used to signify worthlessness or degradation and rendered it impotent (346). This impotency also illustrates the language is power motif. The family has gained a certain power because they have used a word that has slandered African Americans for years and left it powerless in their views. Degrading words can have a profound impact if they are allowed to infect a person, but the true power comes from a person that can withstand such remarks and render them worthless. Although Naylor is able to show a minority retaking the power of the consensus, the fact remains that racial relations in our society are vastly separated because of the majority's consensus and the power it allows the majority to claim. Naylor states, If the word [nigger] was to totally disappear from the mouths of even the most liberal of white society, no one in that room was nave enough to believe it would disappear from white minds (346). White America needs to realize that harmful words can only hurt our country and detract from its potential. Equality would create endless avenues our country could travel, yet without it, our country will only be able to go so far. Bibliography Costello, Robert B. ed. The American Heritage College Dictionary. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. 1072. Naylor, Gloria. Mommy, What Does 'Nigger' Mean? New Worlds of Literature. Eds. Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1994. 344-47.

Waffa Hassan Web Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Waffa Hassan Web Report - Essay Example d) Increased world transformation into E-learning courses from manual as new method of educating the society. e) Disadvantages of existing online training courses. Most existing online training courses are expensive. Their content is complex and time consuming. f) Risk assessment indicated that project failure has less impact and estimated annual cost will be below ?20 and around 200 hours. 3.0 Project Analysis â€Å"I project† has an established aim and objective as part of the road map to success. 3.1 Aim To present e-commerce web content in an effective and professional way that will demonstrate competence and professionalism. Produce content that is simple, intuitive and interesting to clients. 3.2 Objectives The â€Å"I project† objectives are the key guidelines and tools for success. They include: a) To combine web design and e-commerce techniques to develop attractive website. b) To integrate interactive visitor comments on the website c) To link the website with major social networking and gain reputation d) To attract and maintain web visitors e) To keep the website up to date f) To provide support using the WIX facilities g) To gain user trust by presenting correct, simple and time saving content h) To create a blog to listen and respond to the needs of the clients 3.3 Content The website content will focus on effective salesmanship through social networking. The content is based on online networking tools to increase communication. The content will be in English. Among the critical articles is the basic social networking article that illustrates to the user on how to use social networks like Facebook and Twitter to answer - what is the most important part of social... The website content will focus on effective salesmanship through social networking. The content is based on online networking tools to increase communication. The content will be in English. Among the critical articles is the basic social networking article that illustrates to the user on how to use social networks like Facebook and Twitter to answer - what is the most important part of social networking? (Harman   2012).   The website contains a guide on how SMEs can check their website for SEO quality and make improvements through the Daily SEO blog (Dover 2008).   It also demonstrating the importance and risks involved when employing these SEO techniques is critical. It provides a guide to developers as Do’s and Don’ts of SEO are sometimes hard to figure (Mitz 2012).  Ã‚   The SEO cheat sheet by Dover also provides guiding on what to avoid and what to employ when optimizing the websites (Dover 2008).   3.4 Industry Analysis  Website that provides online t raining courses are many, but to find one that provides simple and cheap course ware is rear. Majority of existing website use detailed videos and deal with a large scope of fields including history and sciences. The project’s approach is to concentrate on the provision of simple and cheap online training about effective social networking. With my past experience gained from enthusiastic career research and learning as a Business Information Technology at the Salford University, I seek to develop and maintain reputable professional and career record.